Mounting apparatus for photovoltaic modules

ABSTRACT

A system includes a plurality of photovoltaic modules, each having a mat with an edge and a spacer with an edge, the edge of the mat being attached to the edge of the spacer. The spacer includes a plurality of support members and a solar module mounted to the support members. Each of the support members includes a ledge. The solar module and the ledge form a space therebetween. The space is sized and shaped to receive an edge of a solar module of another of the photovoltaic modules. The spacer of one of the photovoltaic modules overlays the mat of another of the photovoltaic modules.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/501,606, filed Oct. 14, 2021, entitled “MOUNTING APPARATUS FORPHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES,” which claims the benefit of U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application Ser. No. 63/091,428, filed Oct. 14, 2020, entitled“MOUNTING APPARATUS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES,” the contents of which areincorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to photovoltaic modules and, moreparticularly, mounting apparatus for photovoltaic modules for roofingsystems and methods for installing same.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Photovoltaic systems having solar panels are commonly installed onroofing of structures. What is needed is mounting apparatus forphotovoltaic modules having features for efficient installation thereof.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In some embodiments, a system includes a plurality of photovoltaicmodules configured to be installed on a roof deck, each of thephotovoltaic modules includes a mat having a first edge, a spacer havinga first edge, wherein the first edge of the mat is attached to the firstedge of the spacer wherein the spacer includes a plurality of supportmembers, wherein each of the support members includes a first end, asecond end opposite the first end, and a first ledge located at thefirst end, and at least one solar module mounted to the plurality ofsupport members, wherein the at least one solar module of one of theplurality of photovoltaic modules and the first ledge of the one of theplurality of photovoltaic modules form a first space therebetween,wherein the first space is sized and shaped to receive an edge of asolar module of another of the plurality of photovoltaic modules, andwherein the spacer of one of the plurality of photovoltaic modulesoverlays the mat of another of the plurality of photovoltaic modules.

In some embodiments, the mat includes a first surface, and wherein thespacer overlays the first surface of the mat. In some embodiments, thespacer includes a base, and wherein the plurality of support membersextends from the base. In some embodiments, the base of the spacerincludes a first surface and the plurality of support members extendsoutwardly from the first surface of the base. In some embodiments, thespacer includes a first end and a second end opposite the first end, andwherein the plurality of support members extends from the first end tothe second end. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of supportmembers is spaced apart from at least an adjacent one other of theplurality of support members. In some embodiments, the spacer includes aplurality of gaps, each of which is formed between a corresponding pairof the plurality of support members, and wherein each of the pluralityof gaps is sized and shaped to receive electrical wiring. In someembodiments, at least one of the plurality of gaps is sized and shapedto receive an electrical component. In some embodiments, the spacerincludes a third end extending from the first end to the second end, anda fourth end opposite the third end and extending from the first end tothe second end, and wherein each of the plurality of support membersextends from the third end to the fourth end.

In some embodiments, each of the plurality of support members includesan upper surface, and wherein the at least one solar module is mountedon the upper surface of each of the plurality of support members. Insome embodiments, each of the plurality of support members includes afirst height measured from the first surface of the base of the spacerto the upper surface of the support member, and the first ledge includesa second height measured from the first surface of the base of thespacer to an upper surface of the first ledge, and wherein the secondheight is less than the first height. In some embodiments, the at leastone solar module and the first ledge form a first space therebetween,and wherein the first space is sized and shaped to receive at least oneelectrical component. In some embodiments, each of the plurality ofsupport members includes a second ledge located at the second endthereof. In some embodiments, the second ledge includes a third heightmeasured from the first surface of the base of the spacer to an uppersurface of the second ledge, and wherein the third height is less thanthe first height, and wherein the third height is greater than thesecond height.

In some embodiments, a system includes a roofing layer configured to beinstalled directly on a roof deck, the roofing layer including a firstsurface, and a plurality of hooks installed on the first surface whereinthe plurality of hooks is arranged in a pattern, wherein the patternincludes a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns; and a pluralityof solar modules configured to be attached to the plurality of hooks. Insome embodiments, the roofing layer includes a roofing membrane. In someembodiments, each of the plurality of hooks includes a double wing hook.In some embodiments, each of the plurality of hooks includes a mountingportion, a pair of feet extending from the mounting portion, and a hookportion extending from the mounting portion and offset from the pair offeet to form a slot therebetween, wherein a first edge of one of theplurality of solar modules engages the slot of one of the plurality ofhooks, and a second edge of the one of the plurality of solar modulesengages the hook portion of at least another one of the plurality ofhooks. In some embodiments, the roofing layer includes at least oneroofing shingle, wherein the roofing shingle includes a head lap, andwherein the mounting portion of at least one of the plurality of hooksis attached to the head lap of a corresponding one of the at least oneroofing shingle. In some embodiments, the pattern is a long-staggeredpattern.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of an embodiment of a photovoltaicmodule;

FIG. 2 is an exploded, top perspective view of the photovoltaic moduleof FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3 is a bottom perspective view of a solar module employed by thephotovoltaic module of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 4 is a top perspective view of the photovoltaic module of FIG. 1juxtaposed with a shingle;

FIGS. 5A and 5B are top and bottom perspective views of a spaceremployed by the photovoltaic module of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of the spacer shown in FIGS. 5A and5B;

FIGS. 7 through 9 are side elevational views of a plurality ofphotovoltaic modules shown in FIG. 1 , the modules installed on a roofdeck and interlocked with one another;

FIG. 10 is a top perspective view of a plurality of photovoltaic modulesshown in FIG. 9 ;

FIG. 11 is a photo of a plurality of photovoltaic modules installed on aroof deck;

FIGS. 12A through 12C are top perspective, bottom perspective and sideelevational views of an embodiment of a photovoltaic module;

FIGS. 13A through 13C are top perspective, bottom perspective and sideelevational views of an embodiment of a photovoltaic module;

FIG. 14 is a side view of an embodiment of a plurality of photovoltaicmodules;

FIGS. 15A and 15B are top perspective and side elevational views of anembodiment of a solar module;

FIGS. 16A through 16C are top perspective, bottom perspective and sideelevational views of an embodiment of a photovoltaic module;

FIGS. 17 and 18 are photos of embodiments of photovoltaic modules withaesthetic trim installed on a roof deck;

FIGS. 19A and 19B are photos of embodiments of photovoltaic modules withside flashing installed on a roof deck;

FIGS. 20 through 22 are top perspective views of an embodiment of asystem of mounting mats, roofing shingles and solar modules installed ona roof deck;

FIGS. 23 and 24 are a top plan view and a photo of an embodiment of thesystem shown in FIGS. 20 through 22 ;

FIGS. 25A and 25B are top perspective and side elevational views of anembodiment of a photovoltaic module;

FIGS. 26A and 26B are top perspective views of an embodiment of a systemof solar modules installed on a roof deck; and

FIGS. 27 through 30 are top perspective views of an embodiment of asystem of hook members for installing solar modules on a roof deck.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 , in some embodiments, a photovoltaic module10 includes a mat 12, a spacer 14 juxtaposed with the mat 12, and asolar module 16 mounted to the spacer 14. In some embodiments, the solarmodule 16 is elevated relative to the mat 12. In some embodiments, thespacer 14 includes a plurality of support members 18. In someembodiments, the solar module 16 is mounted to the plurality of supportmembers 18. In some embodiments, the mat 12 includes a first surface 20and the spacer 14 overlays the first surface 20 of the mat 12. In someembodiments, the photovoltaic module 10 is configured to be installed ona roof deck. In some embodiments, the roof deck is a component of aroofing system. In some embodiments, the roofing system includes aplurality of roofing shingles installed on the roof deck. In someembodiments, the roofing shingles include asphalt shingles. In someembodiments, the roofing system includes roof tiles. In someembodiments, the roofing system includes terracotta roof tiles.

Referring to FIGS. 1 through 3 , in some embodiments, at least one solarmodule 16 includes a first surface 22, a second surface 24 opposite thefirst surface 22, a first end 26, a second end 28 opposite the first end26, a first edge 27 extending from the first end 26 to the second end28, and a second edge 29 opposite the first edge 27 and extending fromthe first end 26 to the second end 28. In some embodiments, a junctionbox 30 is mounted to the second surface 24. In some embodiments, thejunction box 30 is mounted on the second surface 24 proximate to thefirst edge 27. In some embodiments, a first electrical connector 32 ismounted to the second surface 24. In some embodiments, a secondelectrical connector 34 is mounted to the second surface 24. In someembodiments, the first and second electrical connectors 32, 34 aremounted to the second surface 24 proximate to the first edge 27. In someembodiments, the first electrical connector 32 is a female connector. Insome embodiments, the second electrical connector 34 is a maleconnector. In some embodiments, the first electrical connector 32extends outwardly from the first end 26. In some embodiments, the secondelectrical connector 34 extends outwardly from the second end 28. Insome embodiments, the first and second electrical connectors 32, 34 areelectrically connected to the junction box 30 by electrical wires 36,38, respectively.

Referring to FIG. 4 , in some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 10includes a first edge 40 and a second edge 42 opposite the first edge40. In some embodiments, a roofing shingle 44 includes a first edge 46and a second edge 48 opposite the first edge 46. In some embodiments,the second edge 48 of the roofing shingle 44 is juxtaposed with thefirst edge 40 of the photovoltaic module 10. In some embodiments, thefirst edge 46 of the roofing shingle 44 is juxtaposed with the secondedge 42 of the photovoltaic module 10. In some embodiments, the roofingshingle 44 includes a head lap 50 and a reveal portion 52. In someembodiments, the head lap 50 is aligned with the mat 12 of thephotovoltaic module 10, while the reveal portion 52 is aligned with thesolar module 16.

Referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, the spacer 14 includes a base 54 having afirst surface 56. In some embodiments, the plurality of support members18 extends outwardly from the first surface 56 of the base 54. In someembodiments, the spacer 14 includes a first edge 58 and a second edge 60opposite the first edge 58. In some embodiments, the mat 12 is adjacentto the first edge 58 of the base 54 of the spacer 14. In someembodiments, the mat 12 is attached to the first edge 58 of the base 54of the spacer 14.

In some embodiments, the mat 12 is composed of a polymer. In someembodiments, the mat 12 includes thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO). Inother embodiments, the mat 12 is composed of polyethylene terephthalate(PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyetheretherketone (PEEK),polyaryletherketone (PAEK), polyarylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI),polyarylsulfone (PAS), polyethersulfone (PES), polyamideimide (PAI), orpolyimide; polyvinyl chloride (PVC); ethylene propylene diene monomer(EPDM) rubber; silicone rubber; fluoropolymers—ethylenetetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyvinylidine fluoride (PVDF),tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymers (FEP), andtetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride copolymers(THV), or blends thereof.

Still referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, in an embodiment, the spacer 14includes a first end 62 and a second end 64 opposite the first end 62.In some embodiments, the plurality of support members 18 extends fromthe first end 62 to the second end 64. In some embodiments, each of theplurality of support members 18 is spaced apart from at least anadjacent one other of the plurality of support members 18. In someembodiments, the spacer 14 includes a plurality of gaps 66, each ofwhich is formed between a corresponding pair of the plurality of supportmembers 18. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of gaps 66 issized and shaped to receive electrical wiring. In some embodiments,electrical wiring may be routed through at least one of the plurality ofgaps 66. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of gaps 66 isconfigured to permit a flow water to travel and drain therethrough. Insome embodiments, at least one gap 68 of the plurality of gaps 66 issized and shaped to receive an electrical component. In someembodiments, the electrical component is the junction box 30. In someembodiments, the at least one gap 68 of the plurality of gaps 66receives the junction box 30 when the solar module 16 is positioned onthe spacer 14. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of supportmembers 18 extends intermediate the first edge 58 and the second edge60. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of support members 18 issubstantially parallel to one another. In some embodiments, each of theplurality of support members 18 is hollow and includes an interiorportion 70. In some embodiments, the interior portions 70 result in aweight reduction of the spacer 14.

Referring to FIGS. 6 through 8 , each of the plurality of supportmembers 18 includes an upper surface 72. In some embodiments, the solarmodule 16 is mounted on the upper surface 72 of each of the plurality ofsupport members 18. In some embodiments, the solar module 16 is mountedon the upper surface 72 of at least one of the plurality of supportmembers 18. In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquelyrelative to the mat 12.

In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a rangeof 0.1 degree to 5 degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments,the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 0.1 degree to 4.5degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface72 extends obliquely in a range of 0.1 degree to 4 degrees relative tothe base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquelyin a range of 0.1 degree to 3.5 degrees relative to the base 54. In someembodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 0.1degree to 3 degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, theupper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 0.1 degree to 2.5degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface72 extends obliquely in a range of 0.1 degree to 2 degrees relative tothe base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquelyin a range of 0.1 degree to 1.5 degrees relative to the base 54. In someembodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 0.1degree to 1 degree relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, theupper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 0.1 degree to 0.5degree relative to the base 54.

In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a rangeof 0.5 degree to 5 degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments,the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 0.5 degree to 4.5degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface72 extends obliquely in a range of 0.5 degree to 4 degrees relative tothe base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquelyin a range of 0.5 degree to 3.5 degrees relative to the base 54. In someembodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 0.5degree to 3 degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, theupper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 0.5 degree to 2.5degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface72 extends obliquely in a range of 0.5 degree to 2 degrees relative tothe base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquelyin a range of 0.5 degree to 1.5 degrees relative to the base 54. In someembodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 0.5degree to 1 degree relative to the base 54.

In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a rangeof 1 degree to 5 degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments,the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 1 degree to 4.5degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface72 extends obliquely in a range of 1 degree to 4 degrees relative to thebase 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely ina range of 1 degree to 3.5 degrees relative to the base 54. In someembodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 1degree to 3 degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, theupper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 1 degree to 2.5 degreesrelative to the base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface 72extends obliquely in a range of 1 degree to 2 degrees relative to thebase 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely ina range of 1 degree to 1.5 degrees relative to the base 54.

In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a rangeof 1.5 degrees to 5 degrees relative to the base 54. In someembodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 1.5degrees to 4.5 degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, theupper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 1.5 degrees to 4degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface72 extends obliquely in a range of 1.5 degrees to 3.5 degrees relativeto the base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extendsobliquely in a range of 1.5 degrees to 3 degrees relative to the base54. In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in arange of 1.5 degrees to 2.5 degrees relative to the base 54. In someembodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 1.5degrees to 2 degrees relative to the base 54.

In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a rangeof 2 degrees to 5 degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments,the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 2 degrees to 4.5degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface72 extends obliquely in a range of 2 degrees to 4 degrees relative tothe base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquelyin a range of 2 degrees to 3.5 degrees relative to the base 54. In someembodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 2degrees to 3 degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, theupper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 2 degrees to 2.5degrees relative to the base 54.

In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a rangeof 2.5 degrees to 5 degrees relative to the base 54. In someembodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 2.5degrees to 4.5 degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, theupper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 2.5 degrees to 4degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface72 extends obliquely in a range of 2.5 degrees to 3.5 degrees relativeto the base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extendsobliquely in a range of 2.5 degrees to 3 degrees relative to the base54.

In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a rangeof 3 degrees to 5 degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments,the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 3 degrees to 4.5degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface72 extends obliquely in a range of 3 degrees to 4 degrees relative tothe base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquelyin a range of 3 degrees to 3.5 degrees relative to the base 54.

In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a rangeof 3.5 degrees to 5 degrees relative to the base 54. In someembodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 3.5degrees to 4.5 degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, theupper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 3.5 degrees to 4degrees relative to the base 54.

In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a rangeof 4 degrees to 5 degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments,the upper surface 72 extends obliquely in a range of 4 degrees to 4.5degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface72 extends obliquely in a range of 4.5 degrees to 5 degrees relative tothe base 54.

In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely 0.1 degreerelative to the base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface 72extends obliquely 0.5 degree relative to the base 54. In someembodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely 1 degree relative tothe base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely1.5 degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, the uppersurface 72 extends obliquely 2 degrees relative to the base 54. In someembodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely 2.5 degrees relativeto the base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extendsobliquely 3 degrees relative to the base 54. In some embodiments, theupper surface 72 extends obliquely 3.5 degrees relative to the base 54.In some embodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely 4 degreesrelative to the base 54. In some embodiments, the upper surface 72extends obliquely 4.5 degrees relative to the base 54. In someembodiments, the upper surface 72 extends obliquely 5 degrees relativeto the base 54.

Still referring to FIGS. 6 through 8 , In some embodiments, each of theplurality of support members 18 includes a first end 74, a second end 76opposite the first end 74, and a ledge 78 located at the first end 74 ofthe support member 18. In some embodiments, each of the plurality ofsupport members 18 includes a first height H1 measured from the base 54of the spacer 14 to the upper surface 72 of the support member 18proximate to the first end 74, and the ledge 78 includes a second heightH2 measured from the base 54 of the spacer 14 to an upper surface 80 ofthe ledge 78. In some embodiments, the second height H2 is less than thefirst height H1. In some embodiments, the ledge 78 includes a raisedbump 82. In some embodiments, the solar module 16 and the ledge 78 forma first space 84 therebetween. In some embodiments, the first space 84is sized and shaped to receive at least one electrical component. Insome embodiments, the at least one electrical component includes atleast the junction box 30. In some embodiments, the at least oneelectrical component includes at least one of the first and secondelectrical connectors 32, 34. In some embodiments, the at least oneelectrical component includes at least one of the first and secondelectrical wiring 36, 38. In some embodiments, the raised bump 82 isconfigured to elevate the first and second electrical connectors 32, 34relative to the roof deck to prevent water from reaching the connectors32, 34.

Still referring to FIGS. 6 through 8 , in an embodiment, each of theplurality of support members 18 includes a ledge 86 located at thesecond end 76 thereof. In some embodiments, each of the plurality ofsupport members 18 includes a third height H3 measured from the base 54of the spacer 14 to the upper surface 72 of the support member 18proximate to the second end 76, and the ledge 86 includes a fourthheight H4 measured from the base 54 of the spacer 14 to an upper surface72 of the ledge 86. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is greaterthan the first height H1. In some embodiments, the third height H3 isgreater than the second height H2. In some embodiments, the third heightH3 is greater than the fourth height H4. In some embodiments, the fourthheight H4 is less than the first height H1. In some embodiments, thefourth height H4 is greater than the second height H2.

In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 10 mm to 20mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 10 mm to19 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 10 mmto 18 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 10mm to 17 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of10 mm to 16 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a rangeof 10 mm to 15 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in arange of 10 mm to 14 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is ina range of 10 mm to 13 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 isin a range of 10 mm to 12 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1is in a range of 10 mm to 11 mm.

In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 11 mm to 20mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 11 mm to19 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 11 mmto 18 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 11mm to 17 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of11 mm to 16 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a rangeof 11 mm to 15 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in arange of 11 mm to 14 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is ina range of 11 mm to 13 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 isin a range of 11 mm to 12 mm.

In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 12 mm to 20mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 12 mm to19 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 12 mmto 18 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 12mm to 17 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of12 mm to 16 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a rangeof 12 mm to 15 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in arange of 12 mm to 14 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is ina range of 12 mm to 13 mm.

In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 13 mm to 20mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 13 mm to19 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 13 mmto 18 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 13mm to 17 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of13 mm to 16 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a rangeof 13 mm to 15 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in arange of 13 mm to 14 mm.

In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 14 mm to 20mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 14 mm to19 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 14 mmto 18 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 14mm to 17 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of14 mm to 16 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a rangeof 14 mm to 15 mm.

In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 15 mm to 20mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 15 mm to19 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 15 mmto 18 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 15mm to 17 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of15 mm to 16 mm.

In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 16 mm to 20mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 16 mm to19 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 16 mmto 18 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 16mm to 17 mm.

In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 17 mm to 20mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 17 mm to19 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 17 mmto 18 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of 18mm to 20 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a range of18 mm to 19 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is in a rangeof 19 mm to 20 mm.

In some embodiments, the first height H1 is 10 mm. In some embodiments,the first height H1 is 11 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1is 12 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is 13 mm. In someembodiments, the first height H1 is 14 mm. In some embodiments, thefirst height H1 is 15 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is 16mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is 17 mm. In someembodiments, the first height H1 is 18 mm. In some embodiments, thefirst height H1 is 19 mm. In some embodiments, the first height H1 is 20mm.

In some embodiments, the second height H2 is in a range of 1 mm to 5 mm.In some embodiments, the second height H2 is in a range of 1 mm to 4 mm.In some embodiments, the second height H2 is in a range of 1 mm to 3 mm.In some embodiments, the second height H2 is in a range of 1 mm to 2 mm.

In some embodiments, the second height H2 is in a range of 2 mm to 5 mm.In some embodiments, the second height H2 is in a range of 2 mm to 4 mm.In some embodiments, the second height H2 is in a range of 2 mm to 3 mm.In some embodiments, the second height H2 is in a range of 3 mm to 5 mm.In some embodiments, the second height H2 is in a range of 3 mm to 4 mm.In some embodiments, the second height H2 is in a range of 4 mm to 5 mm.

In some embodiments, the second height H2 is 1 mm. In some embodiments,the second height H2 is 2 mm. In some embodiments, the second height H2is 3 mm. In some embodiments, the second height H2 is 4 mm. In someembodiments, the second height H2 is 5 mm.

In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 15 mm to 25mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 15 mm to24 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 15 mmto 23 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 15mm to 22 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of15 mm to 21 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a rangeof 15 mm to 20 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in arange of 15 mm to 19 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is ina range of 15 mm to 18 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 isin a range of 15 mm to 17 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3is in a range of 15 mm to 16 mm.

In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 16 mm to 25mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 16 mm to24 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 16 mmto 23 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 16mm to 22 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of16 mm to 21 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a rangeof 16 mm to 20 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in arange of 16 mm to 19 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is ina range of 16 mm to 18 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 isin a range of 16 mm to 17 mm.

In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 17 mm to 25mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 17 mm to24 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 17 mmto 23 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 17mm to 22 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of17 mm to 21 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a rangeof 17 mm to 20 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in arange of 17 mm to 19 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is ina range of 17 mm to 18 mm.

In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 18 mm to 25mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 18 mm to24 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 18 mmto 23 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 18mm to 22 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of18 mm to 21 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a rangeof 18 mm to 20 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in arange of 18 mm to 19 mm.

In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 19 mm to 25mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 19 mm to24 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 19 mmto 23 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 19mm to 22 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of19 mm to 21 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a rangeof 19 mm to 20 mm.

In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 20 mm to 25mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 20 mm to24 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 20 mmto 23 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 20mm to 22 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of20 mm to 21 mm.

In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 21 mm to 25mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 21 mm to24 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 21 mmto 23 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 21mm to 22 mm.

In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 22 mm to 25mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 22 mm to24 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 22 mmto 23 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of 23mm to 25 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a range of23 mm to 24 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is in a rangeof 24 mm to 25 mm.

In some embodiments, the third height H3 is 15 mm. In some embodiments,the third height H3 is 16 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3is 17 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is 18 mm. In someembodiments, the third height H3 is 19 mm. In some embodiments, thethird height H3 is 20 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is 21mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is 22 mm. In someembodiments, the third height H3 is 23 mm. In some embodiments, thethird height H3 is 24 mm. In some embodiments, the third height H3 is 25mm.

In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 5 mm to 15mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 5 mm to14 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 5 mmto 13 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 5mm to 12 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of5 mm to 11 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a rangeof 5 mm to 10 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in arange of 5 mm to 9 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in arange of 5 mm to 8 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in arange of 5 mm to 7 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in arange of 5 mm to 6 mm.

In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 6 mm to 15mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 6 mm to14 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 6 mmto 13 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 6mm to 12 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of6 mm to 11 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a rangeof 6 mm to 10 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in arange of 6 mm to 9 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in arange of 6 mm to 8 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in arange of 6 mm to 7 mm.

In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 7 mm to 15mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 7 mm to14 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 7 mmto 13 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 7mm to 12 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of7 mm to 11 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a rangeof 7 mm to 10 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in arange of 7 mm to 9 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in arange of 7 mm to 8 mm.

In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 8 mm to 15mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 8 mm to14 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 8 mmto 13 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 8mm to 12 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of8 mm to 11 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a rangeof 8 mm to 10 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in arange of 8 mm to 9 mm.

In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 9 mm to 15mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 9 mm to14 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 9 mmto 13 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 9mm to 12 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of9 mm to 11 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a rangeof 9 mm to 10 mm.

In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 10 mm to 15mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 10 mm to14 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 10 mmto 13 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 10mm to 12 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of10 mm to 11 mm.

In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 11 mm to 15mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 11 mm to14 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 11 mmto 13 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 11mm to 12 mm.

In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 12 mm to 15mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 12 mm to14 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 12 mmto 13 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of 13mm to 15 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a range of13 mm to 14 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is in a rangeof 14 mm to 15 mm.

In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is 5 mm. In some embodiments,the fourth height H4 is 6 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4is 7 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is 8 mm. In someembodiments, the fourth height H4 is 9 mm. In some embodiments, thefourth height H4 is 10 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is11 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is 12 mm. In someembodiments, the fourth height H4 is 13 mm. In some embodiments, thefourth height H4 is 14 mm. In some embodiments, the fourth height H4 is15 mm.

In some embodiments, the solar module 16 and the ledge 86 form a secondspace 88 therebetween. In some embodiments, the second space 88 of one10 a of the photovoltaic modules 10 is sized and shaped to receive thefirst edge 27 of the solar module 16 of another 10 b photovoltaic module10 and interlock the photovoltaic modules 10 a, 10 b. In someembodiments, the solar module 16 of the photovoltaic module 10 aoverlays and holds-down the first edge 27 of the solar module 16 of thephotovoltaic module 10 b. In some embodiments, the interlockedphotovoltaic modules 10 a, 10 b promote watershedding.

In some embodiments, the photovoltaic modules 10 a, 10 b are installedon a roof deck by a plurality of fasteners 90. In some embodiments, themat 12 is configured to receive the plurality of fasteners 90. In someembodiments, the plurality of fasteners 90 includes a plurality ofnails. In some embodiments, the mat 12 includes a head lap 92. In someembodiments, the head lap 92 is configured to receive the plurality ofnails. In some embodiments, the second edge 60 of the spacer 14 isattached to the roof deck by an adhesive 94. In certain embodiments, theadhesive 94 includes polyvinyl butyrate, acrylic, silicone,polycarbonate, or pressure sensitive adhesives.

In some embodiments, the spacer 14 of one of the photovoltaic modules 10overlays the mat 12 of another of the photovoltaic modules 10. In someembodiments, the spacer 14 of one of the photovoltaic modules 10overlays the head lap 92 of the mat 12 of another of the photovoltaicmodules 10.

Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10 , in an embodiment, a starter bar 96 isengaged with the ledge 86 of the spacer 14 of one of the photovoltaicmodules 10. In some embodiments, the starter bar 96 includes a base 98,a front wall 99 extending from the base 98, an upper rail 100 extendingfrom the front wall, and a channel 102 formed by the base 98, the frontwall 99 and the upper rail 100. In some embodiments, the front wall 99extends substantially perpendicular to the base 98. In some embodiments,the upper rail 100 extends substantially parallel to the base 98. Insome embodiments, the starter bar 96 includes a C-shaped cross-section.In some embodiments, the channel 102 is sized and shaped to receive thesecond edge 60 of the spacer 14, such that the second edge 60 ispositioned therein intermediate the base 98 and the upper rail 100. Insome embodiments, the upper rail 100 is configured to be positionedintermediate the ledge 86 of the spacer 14 and the second edge 29 of thesolar module 16. In some embodiments, the starter bar 96 is installed onthe roof deck. In some embodiments, the base 98 of the starter bar 96 isattached to the roof deck. In some embodiments, the base 98 is attachedto the roof deck by a plurality of the nails 90. In some embodiments,FIG. 11 shows a system of a plurality of photovoltaic modules 10 and aplurality of the roofing shingles 44 installed on a roof deck 104.

In some embodiments, the spacer 14 is composed of plastic. In someembodiments, the spacer 14 is composed of a polymer. In someembodiments, the polymer is a thermoformed polymer. In some embodiments,the polymer is an injection molded polymer. In some embodiments, thespacer 14 is ultrasonically welded to the mat 12. In some embodiments,the spacer 14 is heat welded to the mat 12. In some embodiments, thespacer 14 is thermally bonded to the mat 12. In some embodiments, thespacer 14 is attached to the mat 12 by an adhesive. In some embodiments,the spacer 14 and the mat 12 are integral with one another. In someembodiments, the solar module 16 is ultrasonically welded to the spacer14. In some embodiments, the solar module 16 is removably attached tothe spacer 14. In some embodiments, the solar module 16 is heat weldedto the spacer 14. In some embodiments, the solar module 16 is thermallybonded to the spacer 14. In some embodiments, the solar module 16 isattached to the spacer 14 by an adhesive. In some embodiments, thespacer 14 is composed of metal. In some embodiments, the spacer 14 iscomposed of aluminum.

Referring to FIGS. 12A through 12C, in another embodiment, aphotovoltaic module 210 includes a spacer 214 and a solar module 216attached to the spacer 214. In some embodiments, the spacer 214 includesa plurality of support members 218. In some embodiments, the spacer 114includes at least one tab 221 extending outwardly from a first edge 258thereof. In some embodiments, the at least one tab 221 extends from acorresponding one of the plurality of support members 218. In someembodiments, the at least one tab 221 includes a plurality of the tabs221. In some embodiments, the at least one tab 221 is configured toreceive a fastener. In some embodiments, the fastener includes a nail.In some embodiments, the spacer 214 is composed of metal. In someembodiments, the spacer 214 is composed of sheet metal.

Referring to FIGS. 13A through 13C, in another embodiment, aphotovoltaic module 310 includes a spacer 314 and a solar module 316attached to the spacer 314. In some embodiments, the spacer 314 includesa plurality of support members 318. In some embodiments, the spacer 314includes at least one tab 321 extending outwardly from a first edge 358thereof. In some embodiments, the at least one tab 321 extends from acorresponding one of the plurality of support members 318. In someembodiments, the at least one tab 321 includes a plurality of the tabs321. In some embodiments, the at least one tab 321 is configured toreceive a fastener. In some embodiments, the fastener includes a nail.In some embodiments, the spacer 314 is composed of plastic. In someembodiments, the spacer 314 is injection molded. Referring to FIG. 14 ,a side lap 311 extends between two of adjacent photovoltaic modules 310a, 310 b. In some embodiments, the side lap 311 is located intermediatethe spacer 314 and the solar module 316 of each of the photovoltaicmodules 310 a, 310 b.

Referring to FIGS. 15A through 16C, in another embodiment, aphotovoltaic module 410 includes a spacer 414 and at least two solarmodules 416 a, 416 b attached to the spacer 414. In some embodiments,the solar modules 416 a, 416 b are aligned in rows. In some embodiments,the spacer 414 includes a plurality of support members 418. In someembodiments, the spacer 414 includes at least one tab 421 extendingoutwardly from a first edge 458 thereof. In some embodiments, the atleast one tab 421 includes a plurality of the tabs 421. In someembodiments, the at least one tab 421 is configured to receive afastener. In some embodiments, the fastener includes a nail. In someembodiments, the spacer 414 includes sidewalls 415 a, 415 b that enclosethe photovoltaic module 410 when it is installed on roof deck.

Referring to FIGS. 17 through 19B, in an embodiment, at least one trimelement 106 is attached to at least one of the first and second ends 26,28 of the solar module 16. In some embodiments, the trim element 106 isclipped to the at least one of the first and second ends 26, 28. In someembodiments, the trim element 106 includes an upper surface 108. In someembodiments, the upper surface 108 is oblique relative to the firstsurface 22 of the solar module 16. In some embodiments, the solar module16 includes a corner 110 formed by the first end 26 and the first edge27 and the trim element 106 is attached to the corner 110. In otherembodiments, the corner 110 may be formed by the first edge 27 and thesecond edge 29, the second end 28 and the first edge 27, or the secondend 28 and the second edge 29, one or more of which is configured toreceive a corresponding trim element 106. In some embodiments, the trimelement 106 includes a curvilinear side surface 112. In someembodiments, the trim element 106 includes flashing 114. In someembodiments, at least one roofing shingle 116 overlays the upper surface108 of the trim element 106.

Referring to FIGS. 20 through 22 , in an embodiment, a roofing system500 includes a photovoltaic module 510 configured to be installed on aroof deck 505. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module 510 includesat least one mat 512 configured to be installed to the roof deck 505, atleast one spacer 514 installed on the mat 512, and at least one solarmodule 516 mounted to a corresponding one of the at least one spacer514. In some embodiments, the at least one spacer 514 includes aplurality of spacers 514. In some embodiments, the at least one solarmodule 516 includes a plurality of solar modules 516 mounted to acorresponding one of the plurality of spacers 514.

In some embodiments, the at least one mat 512 includes a first end 518and a second end 520 opposite the first end 518, a first edge 522extending from the first end 518 to the second end 520, and a secondedge 524 opposite the first edge 522 and extending from the first end518 to the second end 520. In some embodiments, the at least one mat 512includes a head lap 526. In some embodiments, the at least one solarmodule 516 includes a first end 528 and a second end 530 opposite thefirst end 528. In some embodiments, the first end 528 of the at leastone solar module 516 is substantially aligned with the first end 518 ofthe at least one mat 512, and the second end 530 of the at least onesolar module 516 is substantially aligned with the at least one secondend 520 of the mat 512. In some embodiments, the second end 530 of theat least one solar module 516 is substantially aligned with the firstend 518 of the at least one mat 512, and the first end 528 of the atleast one solar module 516 is substantially aligned with the at leastone second end 520 of the mat 512 (see FIG. 22 ). Referring to FIGS. 23and 24 , in an embodiment, the first end 528 of the at least one solarmodule 516 is offset from the first end 518 of the at least one mat 512,and the second end 530 of the at least one solar module 516 is offsetfrom the second end 520 of the least one mat 512. In some embodiments,at least one shingle section 532 overlays an exposed area 534 of the mat512.

In some embodiments, the at least one mat 512 includes a plurality ofmats 512. In some embodiments, the roofing system 500 includes aplurality of roofing shingles 544 installed adjacent to the at least onemat 512.

Referring to FIGS. 25A and 25B, in an embodiment, the at least one mat512 includes at least one first hook member 540. In some embodiments,the photovoltaic module 510 includes at least one second hook member 542engaged with a corresponding one of the at least one first hook member540. In some embodiments, the at least one first hook member 540includes at least one pair of first hook members 540 and the at leastone second hook member 542 includes at least one pair of second hookmembers 542. In some embodiments, each of the at least one pair of firsthook members 540 engages a corresponding one of the at least one pair ofsecond hook members 542. In some embodiments, each of the at least onepair of first hook members 540 is spaced apart from one another. In someembodiments, the at least one pair of second hook members 542 is spacedapart from one another. In some embodiments, the at least one pair offirst hook members 540 includes a plurality of pairs of first hookmembers 540. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of pairs offirst hook members 540 is spaced apart from one another. In someembodiments, the plurality of pairs of first hook members 540 arealigned in rows.

Referring to FIGS. 26A and 26B, in an embodiment, a roofing system 600includes a roofing layer 612 configured to be installed directly on aroof deck 605. In some embodiments, the roofing layer 612 includes aroofing membrane. In some embodiments, the roofing membrane isconfigured to be rolled. In some embodiments, the roofing membrane iscomposed of a polymer. In some embodiments, the roofing membraneincludes thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO). In other embodiments, theroofing membrane is composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET),polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyetheretherketone (PEEK),polyaryletherketone (PAEK), polyarylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI),polyarylsulfone (PAS), polyethersulfone (PES), polyamideimide (PAI), orpolyimide; polyvinyl chloride (PVC); ethylene propylene diene monomer(EPDM) rubber; silicone rubber; fluoropolymers—ethylenetetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF),tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymers (FEP), andtetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride copolymers(THV), or blends thereof. In some embodiments, the roofing layer 612includes a first surface 614.

In some embodiments, a plurality of hooks 650 is installed on the firstsurface 614 of the roofing layer 612. In some embodiments, the system600 includes a plurality of solar modules 616 configured to be attachedto the plurality of hooks 650. In some embodiments, each of theplurality of hooks 650 includes a double wing hook. In some embodiments,the plurality of hooks 650 is arranged in a defined pattern. In someembodiments, the pattern includes a plurality of rows and a plurality ofcolumns. In some embodiments, the plurality of hooks 650 is arranged ina long-staggered pattern, as shown in FIGS. 26A and 26B. In someembodiments, the plurality of hooks 650 in each row of thelong-staggered pattern are arranged and located in alternate columns. Insome embodiments, the plurality of hooks 650 is arranged in ashort-staggered pattern. In some embodiments, the plurality of hooks 650in each column of the short-staggered pattern are arranged and locatedin alternate rows. In some embodiments, the plurality of hooks 650 isarranged in a square or rectangular pattern. In some embodiments, theplurality of hooks 650 in each row of the long-staggered pattern arearranged and located in each column, and vice-versa. In someembodiments, the plurality of hooks 650 is arranged in a random pattern.

Referring to FIGS. 27 through 30 , in an embodiment, a roofing layer 712includes at least one roofing shingle 720. In some embodiments, the atleast one roofing shingle 720 is installed on the roof deck 705 by aplurality of fasteners. In some embodiments, the at least one roofingshingle 720 includes a plurality of roofing shingles 720. In someembodiments, the at least one shingle 720 includes a head lap 722. Insome embodiments, the head lap 722 is configured to receive theplurality of fasteners. In some embodiments, the plurality of fastenersincludes a plurality of nails. In some embodiments, the at least oneroofing shingle 720 is installed on the roof deck 705 by an adhesive. Insome embodiments, one of the plurality of roofing shingles 720 overlaysthe head lap 722 of another of the plurality of roofing shingles 720.

In some embodiments, a plurality of hooks 750 includes a mountingportion 752, a pair of legs 754 a, 754 b extending from the mountingportion 752, and a hook portion 756 extending from the mounting portion752 and offset from the pair of legs 754 a, 754 b to form a slot 758therebetween.

In some embodiments, the pair of legs 754 a, 754 b are spaced apart andsubstantially parallel to one another. In some embodiments, the hookportion 756 includes a first portion 755 a extending in a firstdirection and second portion 755 b extending in a second directionopposite the first direction. In some embodiments, a slot 757 is formedbetween the first and second portions 755 a, 755 b. In some embodiments,each of the legs 754 a, 754 b includes an extended portion 759 and afoot 760 having a raised portion 761 offset from the extended portion759. In some embodiments, a first edge 727 of one of the plurality ofsolar modules 716 engages the slot 758 of one of the plurality of hooks750, and a second edge 729 of the one of the plurality of solar modules716 engages the hook portion 756 of at least another one of theplurality of hooks 750. In some embodiments, the hook portion 756 isresiliently biased. In some embodiments, the mounting portion 752 isattached to the head lap 722 of the corresponding one of the pluralityof roofing shingles 720. In some embodiments, the mounting portion 752is configured to receive at least one fastener. In some embodiments, theat least one fastener includes at least one nail.

It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are merelyexemplary and that a person skilled in the art may make many variationsand modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention. All such variations and modifications are intended to beincluded within the scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system, comprising: at least first and secondphotovoltaic modules installed on a roof deck, each of the photovoltaicmodules includes a spacer, wherein the spacer includes a first edge, asecond edge opposite the first edge, and a plurality of support members, wherein each of the support members includes  a first end, wherein thefirst end is proximate the first edge,  a second end opposite the firstend, wherein the second end is proximate the second edge,  a first ledgelocated at the first end of the support member, and  a second ledgelocated at the second end of the support member, and  at least one solarmodule on the plurality of support members, wherein the at least onesolar module includes a first end, a second end opposite the first endof the at least one solar module, a first edge extending from the firstend of the at least one solar module to the second end of the at leastone solar module, and a second edge opposite the first edge of the atleast one solar module and extending from the first end of the at leastone solar module to the second end of the at least one solar module,wherein the at least one solar module of the first photovoltaic moduleand the first ledge of the first photovoltaic module form a first spacetherebetween, wherein the at least one solar module of the firstphotovoltaic module and the second ledge of the first photovoltaicmodule form a second space therebetween, and wherein the second space issized and shaped to receive a portion of the at least one solar moduleof the second photovoltaic module.
 2. The system of claim 1, whereineach of the at least first and second photovoltaic modules includes aheadlap portion, wherein the headlap portion extends from the spacer. 3.The system of claim 2, wherein the spacer includes a base, wherein thebase includes a first edge, wherein the headlap portion includes a firstend, a second end opposite the first end of the headlap portion, a firstedge extending from the first end of the headlap portion to the secondend of the headlap portion, and a second edge opposite the first edge ofthe headlap portion and extending from the first end of the headlapportion to the second end of the headlap portion, and wherein the secondedge of the headlap portion is attached to the first edge of the base.4. The system of claim 3, wherein the first end of the at least onesolar module of the first photovoltaic module is substantially alignedwith the first end of the headlap portion of the first photovoltaicmodule, and the second end of the at least one solar module of the firstphotovoltaic module is substantially aligned with the second end of theheadlap portion of the first photovoltaic module.
 5. The system of claim4, wherein the first edge of the at least one solar module of the firstphotovoltaic module and the first ledge of the first photovoltaic moduleform the first space of the first photovoltaic module, and wherein thesecond edge of the at least one solar module of the first photovoltaicmodule and the second ledge of the first photovoltaic module form thesecond space of the first photovoltaic module.
 6. The system of claim 5,wherein the first end of the at least one solar module of the secondphotovoltaic module is substantially aligned with the first end of theheadlap portion of the second photovoltaic module, and the second end ofthe at least one solar module of the second photovoltaic module issubstantially aligned with the second end of the headlap portion of thesecond photovoltaic module.
 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the secondspace of the first photovoltaic module is sized and shaped to receivethe first edge of the at least one solar module of the secondphotovoltaic module.
 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the second end ofthe at least one solar module of the second photovoltaic module issubstantially aligned with the first end of the headlap portion of thesecond photovoltaic module, and the first end of the at least one solarmodule of the second photovoltaic module is substantially aligned withthe second end of the headlap portion of the second photovoltaic module.9. The system of claim 8, wherein the second space of the firstphotovoltaic module is sized and shaped to receive the second edge ofthe at least one solar module of the second photovoltaic module.
 10. Thesystem of claim 3, wherein the second end of the at least one solarmodule of the first photovoltaic module is substantially aligned withthe first end of the headlap portion of the first photovoltaic module,and the first end of the at least one solar module of the firstphotovoltaic module is substantially aligned with the second end of theheadlap portion of the first photovoltaic module.
 11. The system ofclaim 10, wherein the second edge of the at least one solar module ofthe first photovoltaic module and the first ledge of the firstphotovoltaic module form the first space, and wherein the first edge ofthe at least one solar module of the first photovoltaic module and thesecond ledge of the first photovoltaic module form the second space. 12.The system of claim 11, wherein the first end of the at least one solarmodule of the second photovoltaic module is substantially aligned withthe first end of the headlap portion of the second photovoltaic module,and the second end of the at least one solar module of the secondphotovoltaic module is substantially aligned with the second end of theheadlap portion of the second photovoltaic module.
 13. The system ofclaim 12, wherein the second space of the first photovoltaic module issized and shaped to receive the first edge of the at least one solarmodule of the second photovoltaic module.
 14. The system of claim 13,wherein the second end of the at least one solar module of the secondphotovoltaic module is substantially aligned with the first end of theheadlap portion of the second photovoltaic module, and the first end ofthe at least one solar module of the second photovoltaic module issubstantially aligned with the second end of the headlap portion of thesecond photovoltaic module.
 15. The system of claim 14, wherein thesecond space of the first photovoltaic module is sized and shaped toreceive the second edge of the at least one solar module of the secondphotovoltaic module.
 16. The system of claim 3, wherein the first end ofthe at least one solar module is offset from the first end of theheadlap portion, and wherein the second end of the at least one solarmodule is offset from the second end of the headlap portion.
 17. Thesystem of claim 3, wherein the base of the spacer includes a firstsurface and the plurality of support members extends outwardly from thefirst surface of the base, wherein each of the plurality of supportmembers is spaced apart from at least an adjacent one other of theplurality of support members, and wherein the spacer includes aplurality of gaps, each of which is formed between a corresponding pairof the plurality of support members, and wherein each of the pluralityof gaps is sized and shaped to receive at least one of electrical wiringor an electrical component.
 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the baseincludes a first end extending from the first edge of the base to thesecond edge of the base, and a second end opposite the first end of thebase and extending from the first edge of the base to the second edge ofthe base, and wherein each of the plurality of support members extendsfrom the first end of the base to the second end of the base, whereineach of the plurality of support members includes an upper surface, andwherein the at least one solar module is mounted on the upper surface ofeach of the plurality of support members.
 19. The system of claim 18,wherein each of the plurality of support members includes a first heightmeasured from the first surface of the base of the spacer to the uppersurface of the support member, wherein the first ledge includes a secondheight measured from the first surface of the base of the spacer to anupper surface of the first ledge, wherein the second height is less thanthe first height, wherein the second ledge includes a third heightmeasured from the first surface of the base of the spacer to an uppersurface of the second ledge, and wherein the third height is less thanthe first height, and wherein the third height is greater than thesecond height.
 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the first space issized and shaped to receive at least one electrical component.